References to modern English translations are given where available. For fuller information on these texts see White, Farming pp. 22-32. 

Columella, On Farming. [Cited simply as ‘Columella’. Latin, 1st century ad.] Translated by H. B. Ash, E. S. Forster, E. Heffner (Loeb classical library). 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1941-55. 

Columella, On Trees. Included in vol. 3 of the above edition. 

Geoponica. [Byzantine Greek text consisting of selections from earlier Greek and Roman writers on farming. 10th century ad.] 

Palladius, On Farming. [Latin. 5th century ad.] 

Pliny, Natural History. [Cited simply as ‘Pliny’. Latin encyclopaedic work. 1st century ad.] Translated by H. Rackham and others (Loeb classical library). 10 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1938-63. 

Varro, On Farming. [Cited simply as ‘Varro’. Latin, 1st century bc.] Translated by H. B. Ash and W. D. Hooper (with Cato, On Farming) (Loeb classical library). Cambridge, Mass., 1934. 

Vergil. [Latin poet, 1st century bc. Most often cited here for his Georgics, on farming.] Numerous translations. 

Accius. [Latin tragedy playwright, late 2nd century bc, known only from fragments.] 

Antiphanes. [Greek comedy playwright, 4th century bc, known only from fragments.] 

Apicius. [‘The Roman cookery book’, c. 400 ad.] Translated by Barbara Flower and Elisabeth [Alföldi-]Rosenbaum. London, 1958. 

Athenaeus, Deipnosophists. [On food in Greek culture, citing numerous earlier sources; c. 200 ad.] Translated by C. B. Gulick (Loeb classical library). 7 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1927-41. 

Berytius, Farming. [Greek, quoted in the Geoponica, also known in Armenian translation.] 

Cato, Origines. [Known only in fragments, cited from Chassignet (q.v.)] 

Cato, Speeches. [Known only in fragments, cited from Malcovati (q.v.).] 

Chrysippus of Tyana, Bread-making. [Greek, written in Rome, 2nd century bc?] See note on chapter 74. 

Cicero. [Latin orator and philosopher, 1st century bc.] Numerous translations. 

Daniel. [Aramaic (partly Hebrew) romance; 2nd century bc.] Included in the Bible and Apocrypha. 

Democritus. [Greek work on farming attributed to or named after the early philosopher; quoted in the Geoponica.] 

Diodorus of Sicily, Historical Library. [Greek, 1st century bc.] Translated by C. H. Oldfather and others (Loeb classical library). 12 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1933-67. 

Dioscorides, De Materia Medica. [Greek; 1st century ad, with later additions.] 

Eupolemus. [Author of a romance on Abraham, perhaps of the 2nd century bc, surviving only in fragments.] Translation in The Old Testament pseudepigrapha tr. J. H. Charlesworth (London, 1983-5) vol. 2. 

Fan Shêng-chih shu. [Chinese work on agriculture; 1st century bc.] Fragments collected and translated by Shih Shêng-han. Peking, 1982. 

Festus, On the Meaning of Words. [Latin lexicography, 2nd century ad., only surviving in part.] 

Florentinus. [Author on farming, probably from Roman Bithynia, quoted in the Geoponica.] 

Galen, On the Properties of Foods. [Greek dietary textbook. Rome, 2nd century ad.] 

Gellius, Attic Nights. [Latin antiquarian notes, 2nd century ad.] Translated by J. C. Rolfe (Loeb classical library). Cambridge, Mass., 1927. 

Hesiod, Works and Days. [Greek poem of traditional lore, c. 700 bc.] Translated by M. L. West (World’s classics). Oxford, 1988. Note also his edition of the Greek text with commentary, Oxford, 1978. 

Hicesius. [Greek medical author, 1st century bc, known only from fragments.] 

Horace. [Latin poet, 1st century bc.] Various translations. 

Isidore of Seville, Etymologies. [Latin lexicography, 7th century ad.] 

Juvenal, Satires. [Latin, c. 100 ad.] Various translations. 

Livy, From the Foundation of the City. [Latin history, 1st century bc.] Translated by B. O. Foster and others (Loeb classical library). 14 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1919-59. 

Lucilius. [Latin satirist, 2nd century bc, known only from fragments.] 

Martial. [Latin poet, c. 100 ad.] Translated by D. R. Shackleton Bailey (Loeb classical library). 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1993. 

Menander. [Greek comedy playwright, c. 300 bc.] F. G. Allinson’s translation (Loeb classical library) is being replaced by that of W. G. Arnott. Cambridge, Mass., 1979- . 

Menologium Colotianum. [Roman farming calendar.] Degrassi, Inscriptiones Italiae vol. 13 part 2. 

Ovid, Fasti. [Poetic survey of Roman religious ritual. 1st century bc.] Translated by J. G. Frazer with important commentary. London, 1929. Frazer’s translation was also published without the commentary in the Loeb classical library. 

Petronius, Satiricon. [Latin picaresque novel, 1st century ad.] Various translations. 

Plato. [Greek philosopher, c. 400 bc.] Various translations. 

Plato Comicus. [Greek comedy playwright, c. 400 bc, known only from fragments.] 

Plautus. [Author of Latin adaptations of Greek comedy, c. 200 bc.] Various translations. 

Pliny the Younger, Letters. [Latin, c. 100 ad.] Translated by B. Radice (Penguin classics). Harmondsworth, 1963. 

Plutarch, Lives. [Greek, 2nd century ad; includes a life of Cato the Elder, cited here as ‘Plutarch, Cato’.] Translated by B. Perrin (Loeb classical library). 11 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1914-26. 

Seneca, Letters. [Latin, 1st century ad.] Translated by E. M. Gummere (Loeb classical library). 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1917-25. 

Strabo, Geography. [In Greek: semi-official Roman geography. 1st century bc.] Translated by H. L. Jones (Loeb classical library). 8 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1917-32. 

Suetonius, Lives of the Caesars. [‘The twelve Caesars’, Latin Imperial biographies. 2nd century ad.] Translation by R. Graves revised by M. Grant (Penguin classics). Harmondsworth, 1979. 

Theophrastus, History of Plants. [Greek botanical text, c. 300 bc.] Translated by Sir Arthur Hort (Loeb classical library). Cambridge, Mass., 1916-26. 

Varro, On the Latin Language. Translated by R. G. Kent (Loeb classical library). 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass., 1938. 

Vitruvius, On Architecture. [Latin, 1st century bc.] Translated by M. H. Morgan. Cambridge, Mass., 1914; reprint (Dover books), New York, 1960. 

André, Alimentation. J. André, L’alimentation et la cuisine à Rome. 2nd ed. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1981. 

Arthur, Romans. P. Arthur, Romans in northern Campania. London: British School at Rome, 1991. 

Astin, Cato. A. E. Astin, Cato the Censor. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978. 

Boscherini, ‘Medicina’. S. Boscherini, ‘La medicina in Catone e Varrone’ in Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt ed. H. Temporini. Part 1: Von den Anfängen Roms bis zum Ausgang der Republik. Vol. 37 part 1 (Berlin: De Gruyter, 19--) pp. 729-755. 

Brehaut. Cato the Censor, On Farming translated by Ernest Brehaut. New York: Columbia University Press, 1933. 

Chassignet. Caton, Les Origines (fragments) ed. and tr. M. Chassignet. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1986. 

Crawford, Coinage and money. M. Crawford, Coinage and money under the Roman Republic. London: Methuen, 1985. 

Dalby, Siren feasts. A. Dalby, Siren feasts: a history of food and gastronomy in Greece. London: Routledge, 1996. 

Dalby and Grainger. A. K. Dalby, S. Grainger, The classical cookbook. London: British Museum Press; Los Angeles: Getty Museum, 1996. 

Drachmann, Oil-mills. A. G. Drachmann, Ancient oil-mills and presses. Copenhagen: Levin & Munksgaard, 1932. 

Frayn, Markets. J. M. Frayn, Markets and fairs in Roman Italy. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993. 

Frayn, Sheep-rearing. J. M. Frayn, Sheep-rearing and the wool trade in Italy during the Roman period. Liverpool: Cairns, 1984. 

Frayn, Subsistence farming. J. M. Frayn, Subsistence farming in Roman Italy. London: Centaur, 1979. 

Goujard. Caton, De l’agriculture ed. and tr. R. Goujard. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1975. 

Goujard, ‘Politio’. R. Goujard, ‘Politio, politor’ in Revue de philologie vol. 44 (1970) pp. 84-92. 

Leon, ‘Cato’s cakes’. E. F. Leon, ‘Cato’s cakes’ in Classical journal vol. 38 (1943) pp. 213-221. 

Malcovati. Oratorum Romanorum fragmenta liberae rei publicae ed. H. Malcovati. 2nd ed. Turin: Paravia, 1955. 

Martin, Recherches. R. Martin, Recherches sur les agronomes latins. Paris, 1970. 

Oxford Latin dictionary ed. P. G. W. Glare. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1968-82. 

Schönberger. Marcus Porcius Cato, Vom Landbau; Fragmente. Alle erhaltenen Schriften ed. and tr. O. Schönberger. Munich: Heimeran, 1980. 

Toynbee, Hannibal’s legacy. A. J. Toynbee, Hannibal’s legacy. 2 vols. London: Oxford University Press, 1965. 

White, Equipment. K. D. White, Farm equipment of the Roman world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975. 

White, Farming. K. D. White, Roman farming. London: Thames and Hudson, 1970. 

White, Implements. K. D. White, Agricultural implements of the Roman world. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967.